Shelby Foote used the word crossroads to describe the Civil War. And much is at stake, for us and for the world. She retains her title as a professor of history at Harvard. 801-422-4511, Humility, Hope, and the Work of Becoming Educated | Drew Gilpin Faust | 2021. We have a very special obligation in a very difficult time. Will its celebratory mood and mode acknowledge what Frederick Douglass declared he would never forget: the difference between those who fought for liberty and those who fought for slavery? A vehicle for Veritasfor exploring the path to truth wherever it may lead. Putting issues of race and inequality front and center in the American present meant putting them front and center in the American past as well. [Ms. Faust, the new president of Harvard, is a Civil War historian by training.] Evidence, reason, facts, logic, an understanding of history and of science. His work, the now all-but-iconic The Things They Carried, is like that of Kien in The Sorrow of War, fragmented and filled with disruptions. Often, OBrien writes, you cant even tell a true war story. I am in the unenviable role of warm-up act for one of the greatest storytellers of ouror any othertime. What are the variety of other materials that we, as historians, hadnt bothered with before that give us insights into a population that didnt necessarily keep diaries, whose history wasnt preserved in a formal process of record-keeping? And that, I believe, was part of his motivation. In her forum address, Angela Duckworth argued that to flourish, we must reconcile the apparent paradox that we are both controlled by our circumstances and able to control our circumstances. And it was an issue I was confronted with even before I became president. We had travelled through the familiar historic landscape of Stonewall Jacksons skirmishes, Mosbys raids, Sheridans ride, and John Browns capture and hanging to witness the centennial reenactment of the Battle of Antietam. Faust also has a stepdaughter, Leah Rosenberg. It is terrible and yet we love it; we need to witness the worst of its destruction in order not to love it even more. And yet. Yet even a hundred years after its conclusion, Americans acknowledged but could not agree upon the true nature of its importance. If you were to pick out one or two thematic perspectives that we should all come together as a people to think about the Civil War, what would you suggest? As president of Harvard from 2007 to 2018, Faust expanded financial aid to improve access to Harvard College for students of all economic backgrounds and advocated for increased federal funding for scientific research. The former dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Faust is also . Specifically, she is interested in how the slaveholding class responded when their men went off to war and their women were left to run the home front. I felt that Harvard and Harvard students should have connections that would promote this kind of integration of the military with civilian forces and civilian realities. Fighting is reconceived as war because of how humans write and speak about it; it is framed as a story, with a plot that imbues its actors with both individual and shared purpose and is intended to move toward victory for one or another side. Ruth J. Simmons during a 2007 Harvard panel discussion among women Ivy League presidents (including then-president-designate Drew Gilpin Faust) Courtesy Harvard University T his morning, Harvard announced that Ruth Simmons, Ph.D. '73, LL.D. In This Republic Of Suffering, historian Drew Gilpin Faust reveals that the rate of death during the American Civil war was six times that of World War II a fact which created a shared. Throughout history, we can find representations of wars powerful allure in the discourse that precedes and pervades almost every conflict. Her most recent is This Republic of Suffering, which takes its title from the words of Frederick Law Olmsted and its subject from the vast death toll of the Civil War. For a young woman historian of her native region, these subjects were hardly the comfort zones of Southern history. I felt very much that I lived in history, said Drew Gilpin Faust as she recently described her childhood in an interview for Humanities magazine. As James Madison wrote in 1822, a people who mean to be their own Governors, must arm themselves with the power that knowledge gives. And it also emphasizes the kinds of pedagogical innovation that are a necessary part of adapting to the world that has been transformed in the ways I have described. . She has enjoyed good health since then. It groups the maximum of material and speeds up the action and brings out all sorts of stuff that normally you have to wait a lifetime to get. Hemingways description of why war is the best subject is a striking, though almost certainly unwitting, invocation of the dramatic structures Aristotles Poetics so long ago defined the unity of time, action and place that, in intensifying and containing experience, refashions it as literature. A civil rights activistshe marched in Selma in 1965 in support of Martin Luther King Jr.and a progressive historian who labored to discern voices history has rendered silent, she has also been a close student of people and times many scholars would prefer to avoid. Most of the costumed soldiers and camp followers will have read extensively about the war; they will wear garments accurate to the last button and stitch; they will use period weapons and canteens and knapsacks, for authenticity is the watchword of the thriving reenactor culture. Picking up that language from the past is done self-consciously as an invocation of resistance to centralized federal power, but it has other histories as well. This work was often characterized in the 1960s and seventies as the history of the inarticulate: the notion being that history had heretofore focused on the elites who were educated to record their experiences. In an assessment of the condition of higher education in the Anglo-American world, Multiversities, Ideas, and Democracy, George Fallis, a former dean at York University in Toronto, deplores the growing dominance of economic justifications for universities. I believe that if we approach the past with the goal of understanding rather than judging, we have the opportunity to learn from the shortcomings as well as the achievements of our forebears, she said. In July of 1862 he signed the Morrill Act, which established land-grant colleges, with the implication that even in wartime we needed to expand educational opportunity for American citizens. Western historiography was born somewhat later, but it too emerged as a chronicle of war in the hands of Herodotus and Thucydides in the fifth century BCE. She also added, "I'm not the woman president of Harvard, I'm the president of Harvard."[3]. Summary Of Seven Days Battle By Shelby Foote . By the 1990s, Faust rode the wave of womens and social history into the South and the Civil War with yet more provocative results. Surely the slaughter of the Western Front eliminated any future for the language and narratives of what Owen called The old Lie? FAUST: I made an argument that womens exasperation and exhaustion in the Confederate South led them to focus increasingly on their own interests in preserving what remained of their property and their loved ones. This was the norm when we were growing up. . The Transcontinental Railroad is another example. It is well war is so terrible else we would grow too fond of it. After all, we owe to war so much of our history and our literature. If C. Vann Woodward were alive to witness the wars sesquicentennial begin this spring, he would find that the conflict over its interpretation continues, once again mirroring our contemporary debates about national purposes. Faust is the former dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. FAUST: That was the other part of history that I lived in: The stirrings of the Civil Rights Movement were emerging all around me when I was a young child. Hill and their troops had followed to arrive from Harpers Ferry for their critical roles in the battle. Who was Hammond and what was his role in the South in the years leading up to and during the Civil War? How did they deal with the bodies? War, like literature, is a distinctively human product. How did you make this argument and how do you go about pointing out the historical data to justify it? When you were nine, you wrote a letter to the president of the United States, Dwight David Eisenhower. overrideCardHideDescription=false Catherine Drew Gilpin was born into a prosperous Virginia family on September 18, 1947, and raised in Clarke County in the northern reaches of the Shenandoah Valley. How can I picture it all? Homer demanded in the Iliad. Learning is a result of the understanding that there is always more that we do not know. overrideButtonText= But an essential aspect of its interest and appeal not just to those reenactors but, in fact, to all of us is simply that it was war. LEACH: And yet records, especially those people create for themselves, are especially important to your work, even though, as you have noted, a historian must keep in mind that when people write of their times and themselves they can be misled or misleading. Should universities have presented a firmer counterweight to economic irresponsibility? And how they create the structures of meaning and understanding that serve as the lens through which they view what is around them and the events that confront them. In 2009, however, she instituted layoffs and pay freezes after Harvards endowment suffered a major loss during the global financial crisis. Escalating college costs have played a significant role in this slowdown, even as universities have substantially expanded their programs of financial aid. Harvard College is a residential community of learning with a goal, in the words of its dean, of personal and social as well as intellectual transformation. As enthusiastic crowds during these centennial years cheered Confederate troops at Bull Run and Antietam, hailed Jefferson Davis in a restaging of his inauguration in Montgomery, and resurrected the long abandoned Confederate Stars and Bars to fly over statehouses across the South, civil rights activists joined sit-ins, picket lines and freedom rides and called upon the emancipationist traditions of the past to situate themselves and their cause on the right side of history. The army and the military services were integrated into American life in a way they no longer are. Updates? Tens of thousands of participants and spectators are expected, for the enthusiasm to refight the Civil War has only grown in the fifty years since the centennial observances. And significant segments of the American population, particularly in the South, continue to reject slavery as a fundamental cause of the war, even in the face of irrefutable evidence that what southerners called the peculiar institution played a critical role in secession debates, declarations, and decisions across the South. Over the next several years Harvards financial situation improved as the U.S. economy recovered. That was a significant driver in this decision as well. A well-known scholar of the antebellum South and the Civil War era and, since 2007, president of Harvard University, Faust had two histories in mind. The United States has pioneered a new postwar era of mass college attendance that has become global in reach. King was seizing the right to the kind of celebration of the Proclamation that Civil War centennial organizers had suppressed not quite a year before. In Tuesdays forum, Rabbi Dr. Ari Berman, president of Yeshiva University, described religious education as a potential antidote to Americas pervasive consumerism. September 16, 2022 I t was a good book, the student told the 14 others in the undergraduate seminar I was. According to Wikipedia, Catharine Drew Gilpin Faust is an American historian and was the 28th president of Harvard University, the first woman to serve in that role. As the world indulged in a bubble of false prosperity and excessive materialism, should universities in their research, teaching and writing have made greater efforts to expose the patterns of risk and denial? Dr. Faust took Rather than ungraspable odd defenders of the twin evils of slavery and white supremacy alone, the myriad writers who fashioned an elaborate justification of slavery in the antebellum era were believers in an organically conservative, hierarchical worldview, manipulating the Bible, but also a theory of history and human nature to defend racial slavery as a vision of social order. We must support and sustain fact and reason beyond our walls as well. . Drew Faust has fulfilled the historians highest calling in telling us difficult stories through masterful and innovative uses of evidence. She came north for high school to Concord Academy, a girls prep school in Massachusetts, and then to Bryn Mawr, a womens college outside Philadelphia, where she graduated in 1968. After World War II, the country witnessed the establishment of a new partnership between Washington and the nations institutions of higher learning, with the federal government investing in universities as the primary locus for the nations scientific research. LEACH: Let me ask you about James Henry Hammond, about whom you wrote a biography. How do you put all of this together? Our route was in fact not very different from the one both Jackson and A.P. But neither our minds nor those of the thousands of observers and reenactors around us were focused on such matters. Knowledge is replacing other resources as the main engine of economic growth, and . It offered the United States the sense of intention, the goal-directedness and lure of efficacy that war promises and terrorism obliterates. Lincoln is off the heal a nation, a noble goal he will not live to see realized" (O'Reilly 24-25). Faust told a story about one of the graduate schools at Harvard. But we should ask ourselves how in the construction of war stories we may be helping to construct war itself. With such probing insights, Faust has made a permanent impact on the writing of American history. I feel very strongly about the importance of inclusiveness in the military. War is terrible and yet we love it, wrote Drew Gilpin Faust in 2004. Such an incendiary interpretation, directly contradicting both Lost Cause myths about womens devotion to the Confederacy as well as military historians strategic interpretations, elicited much criticism at the time and since. Those values seem to me ones that are important to underscore as well. [16], In addition to promoting access to higher education, Faust has testified before the U.S. Congress to promote increased funding for scientific research and support of junior faculty researchers. In This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War, Faust wrote a withering and brilliant study of the scale and significance of the death of over 600,000 soldiers and uncounted thousands of white civilians and former slaves in 186165. But arrive they did. We simply know a great deal more about the experience of black Americans in a variety of critical roles in the war as soldiers nearly 200,000 strong fighting for Union victory, as contrabands forcing the issue of freedom onto the northern agenda, as slave laborers refusing to continue the status quo on farms and plantations across the South. In Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War, Faust deeply researched elite white women undergoing the brutal travail of war, revolution, and loss. And David Donald taught at Hopkins before he came to Harvard. Part of this is the result of the extensive work historians have undertaken since the 1960s. As Ernest Hemingway once explained to F. Scott Fitzgerald, War is the best subject of all. Moreover, many students around the world simply cannot access universities. believing . Human beings need meaning, understanding and perspective as well as jobs. The language of war made Americans protagonists in a story they understood rather than the victims or potential victims of forces beyond their comprehension or control. A Civil War historian, she said she has been thinking about civil rights since she was a child.. But here were slaves clearly affirming long and deeply held family ties. Drew Gilpin Faust used her inauguration as the 28th president of Harvard University over the weekend to defend American higher education from critics who allege students are not being taught enough, faculty are not held to high enough standards and the college experience costs too much. The University also undertook an involuntary reduction in staff of 2.4 percent of its employees. Faust, 59, has a lot on her plateplacating an often unwieldy and ego-driven faculty, making a Harvard education relevant in today's world, underwriting lower- and middle-class students who can . doubting . Well, after 11 years, Drew Gilpin Faust has now completed the job. And were proud of the role it and you have played in helping insure that America leads the world in almost every academic discipline. The presence of Drew Gilpin Faust, the 28th president of Harvard University and the Lincoln Professor of History, made this Askwith Forum noteworthy. . Were in a time in which knowledge has paramount importance in how our world will move forward and how people will claim their place as contributors to that world. It is indeed striking how often the language of altitude is used by those describing the allure of war: it will lift, elevate, raise us towards the transcendent, and link us to the sublime, a word often repeated in nineteenth century paeans to war. And as I read the seemingly endless numbers of them I was increasingly struck by how often women spoke about death and how central was their perception of death and the fear of death and the need to manage death. Their views were rendered no less racist or abhorrent, but in Fausts handling their defense of such a system of exploitation became comprehensible as rational thought. from froth-corrupted lungs, the dying flung into wagons, the living left lame and blind. This compulsion rests at the center of Bao Ninhs remarkable novel of North Vietnam, published in the United States in 1991 as The Sorrow of War. Because we still believe that as a nation we have been defined by the ideals and the sacrifice of that war, we feel compelled even a hundred fifty years later to situate ourselves in relationship to it. We seek to establish standards for the College community that advance our institutional purposes and values. Within her first six months in office, Faust filled several open deanships and appointed other top administration officials. Universities are meant to be producers not just of knowledge but also of (often inconvenient) doubt. Provo, UT 84602 As late as the 1920s, enrollments in the United States stood below 5 percent of the college-age population. [28], Faust retired as president of Harvard College in June 2018, succeeded by Lawrence Bacow. FAUST: When I became president, the issue of ROTCs absence from Harvard campus was already one that was very much in the air and much debated. As we have sought through the centuries to define ourselves as human beings and as nations through the prisms of history and literature, no small part of that effort has drawn us to war. Her tenure was approved, he told her, providing one more reason to celebrate a day already rich with new beginnings. FAUST: It began with my book on women of the Confederate South and with my engagement with their diaries and letters. War engages and thrives on contrasts the unflinching gore and undeniable glory represented in the Iliad; the parallel human and inhuman dimensions of what Vietnam veteran Tim OBrien has called the awful majesty of combat and its powerful implacable beauty; the interdependence of life and death as millions have perished throughout the centuries in hopes that others or perhaps, in Lincolns words, nations might live. In addition, she has been a strong advocate for sustainability and has set an ambitious goal of reducing the university's greenhouse gas emissions by 2016, including those associated with prospective growth, by 30 percent below Harvard's 2006 baseline. They accelerate and concentrate change in ways that make it vivid and visible. Getty Images Expect to be wrong, and learn to recognize when someone is talking rot. In the late nineteenth century, sectional reconciliation had been achieved by abandoning the wars emancipationist legacy and relegating black Americans to the second-class citizenship of segregation and Jim Crow. I also am very conscious of what General David Petraeus articulated here in a commissioning ceremony for the ROTC cadets a couple of years ago, which is that a soldiers most important weapon is ideas. This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War (2008) assesses the lasting impact of civil war fatalities on American attitudes toward death. Faust replaced Lawrence Summers, who resigned on June 30, 2006, after a series of controversial statements that led to mounting criticism from members of Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences. overrideCardHideSection=false Bringing the subject back to the here and now, I can attest, having taught briefly under your leadership at Harvard, that the student body and faculty have found you to be an extraordinary president, able, like Lincoln, to manage deftly an institution of many parts and diverse egos. As two of the university's most prominent female leaders, they also agreed on the power of example and on the importance of inclusive leadership. [7], Faust graduated from Concord Academy, Concord, Massachusetts, in 1964. The Obama administration has set a goal of devoting more than 3 percent of gross domestic product to research. But in the years since World War II, it was higher education, not just instruction at the elementary or high school levels, that emerged as necessary for a technologically skilled work force as well as fundamental to cherished values of opportunity. The school adopted a motto that has a double meaning: Learn to change the world., The phrase is at once an invitation come and learn how to change the world and a statement of fact education changes the world, she said. Drew Gilpin Faust is president of Harvard. There is always a sense, which comes from this kind of inquiry, of the contingency of things and how they could be otherwise. Harvard has not just survived these challenges, but has helped to confront them. LEACH: The American university is the hallmark of our land, Harvard being our emblematic institution. numbering . There is no value-free science. Also, if you look at the Civil War, it was a time when the American government was able to establish a number of forward-looking policies that strengthened the nation. Our narratives are not just modeled from war; they become models for war. Drew Gilpin Faust [1]In 2007 American scholar Drew Gilpin Faust [2] (born 1947) . That would be an extremely important theme. Derek Bok, who had served as president of Harvard from 1971 to 1991, returned to serve as an interim president during the 20062007 academic year. accounting . [29], Faust is married to Charles E. Rosenberg, a historian of medicine at Harvard. Education. overridebuttonBgColor= . It featured leading characters Lee, Jackson, Lincoln, Grant, Sherman who combined the estimable and the flawed in ways that continue to engage biographers, readers and now television and movie audiences. We must make it our work to tell a true war story. And then in the cemetery where now my parents are buried, but at that time it was my grandfather and others, next to the marked gravestones and my family plot at this beautiful little setting called the Old Chapel, there were many moss-covered stone grave-markers that said, Unidentified Confederate. They were the dead of skirmishes that had taken place in that much fought-over area. Their notion of war as sublime was clearly rooted in the nineteenth centurys romanticism. Drew Gilpin Faust was the first woman to serve as the president of Harvard University and is a historian and award-winning author. LEACH: In your article you also noted the word nullification was in use then. For the common soldier, OBrien writes, war has the feel the spiritual texture of a great ghostly fog, thick and permanent. . She was Harvard's first president since 1672 without an undergraduate or graduate degree from Harvard and the first to have been raised in the South. The white minority felt the need to exert control over the enslaved population. Drew Faust2021 But they have provided the material for intense examination of the soldiers experience, his motivations to fight, his daily life, his politics and religion, his hopes and fears, his understandings of life and death. Fausts publications included A Sacred Circle: The Dilemma of the Intellectual in the Old South, 18401860 (1977), The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South (1982), James Henry Hammond and the Old South: A Design for Mastery (1982), Southern Stories: Slaveholders in Peace and War (1992), and Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War (1996), which received the 1997 Francis Parkman Prize from the Society of American Historians. It challenges us as it has long challenged the humanities to take it on. Faust has not merely contributed to historical knowledge or told old stories well. Drew Gilpin Faust, the president of Harvard University, talks about leading the institution through a decade of change, from the financial crisis to the Trump era. Widener and Memorial Church. Faust lamented the effects of the financial crisis on universities around the world, and said that debts associated with student loans have exceeded 1 trillion dollars in the United States. Faust is the fifth woman to serve as president of an Ivy League university. Yet still we try. We seek to educate people, not just minds; our highest aspiration is not just knowledge, but wisdom. [2] She was Harvard's first president since 1672 without an undergraduate or graduate degree from Harvard and the first to have been raised in the South. Still we are lured by war and still we tell the stories that both shape and distort our understanding of it. As a child you must have been aware of the Civil War legacy and probably had a sense for the nineteenth-century past. Seeing beyond ourselves enables us to imagine and act on behalf of a different future.. On the June day in 1980 when young historian Drew Gilpin Faust married fellow historian Charles Rosenberg, she received a congratulatory call from Vartan Gregorian, then provost at the University of Pennsylvania, where Faust was on faculty. President Drew Faust of Harvard University is this years Jefferson Lecturer, the fortieth recipient of this honor, the highest award in the humanities bestowed by the United States government. . They have the power to send men into battle and to shape the wars they fight. . It has reinforced Americas deep-seated notion that a college degree serves largely instrumental purposes. Drew Gilpin Faust President, Harvard "Women in Leadership: Drew Gilpin Faust". Several thousand men clad in blue and gray had assembled on the field where two major encounters of the war had been fought to perform, as a New York Times reporter described it, a dramatic rsum of the battles highlights. Perched in bleachers and grandstands or milling in an adjacent field of refreshment tents and folding chairs, an enthusiastic crowd had cheered victorious Confederates and booed fleeing Union troops, just as Virginians had hailed their predecessors a century before. are 74 percent higher than for workers who possess only a high school diploma. And Civil War monuments everywhere: Cedar Creek, the many battles of Winchester. Since the 1970s there has been a steep decline in the percentage of students majoring in the liberal arts and sciences, and an accompanying increase in preprofessional undergraduate degrees. Existing studies of Confederate politics and public life, she wrote in the introduction to Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War, have paid almost no attention to the place of women., This lack of interest in the role of women led scholars to the growing disenchantment with the war on the home front as a factor in causing the Souths surrender, when the war might have been waged even longer. David Norton February 17, 2011 South, 1840-1860, Drew Gilpin Faust investigates the extraordinary association of five antebellum Southern intellectuals who cooperated "to establish a role for men of mind in their region. When life itself cannot be taken for granted, its every aspect assumes an enhanced significance and value. Which included, ultimately, a John Brown pike and a bunch of rifles and all kinds of things. "Nightly Business Report" with Susie Gharib, wp.nbr.com. Harvard and the world. As Robert Sutton, the National Park Services chief historian, has insisted that the nations historic sites emphasize that slavery is the principal cause of the war, he has encountered widespread resistance and controversy. Drew Gilpin Faust Image credit: National Endowment for the Humanities. Event Date June 13, 2019 Notes Faust's book is an illuminating study of the American struggle to comprehend the meaning and practicalities of death in the face of the unprecedented carnage of the Civil War. Even more lastingly, Faust helped forge a new interpretation of proslavery ideology. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. War makes rattling good history, a Thomas Hardy character observes in The Dynasts. 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