[3]:31 By formalizing the press briefing process, Tumulty laid the groundwork for what would later be called the White House Press Briefing. [3]:65, During the administration of presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, journalist Stephen Early became the first White House secretary charged only with press responsibilities. Answers: A. Ronald Ziegler, press secretary to Richard M. Nixon; B. Dee Dee Myers, press secretary to Bill Clinton; C. Ari Fleischer, press secretary to George W. Bush; D. James Brady, press secretary to Ronald Reagan. Clinton, the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee, has denied mishandling classified information ever since theNew York Timeson March 2, 2015, disclosed that Clinton exclusively used a personal email account to conduct government business as secretary of state.. First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy envisioned a restored White House that conveyed a sense of history through its decorative and fine arts. experiences at the White House and his role as Press Secretary for President But the FBI director said Clinton and her staff were extremely careless in their handling of very sensitive, highly classified information., Only a very small number of the emails containing classified information bore markings indicating the presence of classified information, Comey said. ", Eshbaugh-Soha, Matthew. He held about six conferences a year and usually staged them in the East Room at night. Ulysses S. Grant's White House staff officially numbered six people at a cost of $13,800, though he supplemented with personnel from the War Department. As Brookings did for Donald Trump, the Institution is now monitoring staffing changes among the upper echelons of President Bidens administration. Press briefings rarely involve the President--notable exceptions involved Trump's participation in Coronavirus Task Force Press briefings. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. The Manhattan District Attorneys office believes that the money was a violation of election and business-records laws, so they are pondering felony charges. [3]:32, Despite being nicknamed "Silent Cal", many reporters covering the White House found President Calvin Coolidge to be fairly accessible once he took office in 1923 following the death of President Warren G. Clintons lawyers did not go through every single email. Bush. And, he said, some of them may be included among the several thousand work-related emails discovered by the FBI that were not among the 30,000 provided by Clinton to the State Department in 2014. The Making of Presidents' and First Ladies' Portraits. Throughout the rest of the Also see: Martha Joynt Kumar, Managing the President's Message: The White House Communications Operaition (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), Gerhard Peters. Grisham, unlike her predecessors, did not hold any formal White House press briefings. [3]:3132, Joseph Tumulty also put into place a more regular schedule of briefing the press. He stayed on when Harry Truman assumed the presidency until Charles Ross came in the next month. [3]:18 It is the West Wing that ultimately housed the Office of the Press Secretary[8] and the now-famous James S. Brady Press Briefing Room, which was renovated by the George W. Bush administration in 2007. [3]:16 Cortelyou also circulated noteworthy stories to the president and other staffers (by this point the White House staff numbered approximately 18),[3]:14 which is similar to the exhaustive news summaries formally distributed to the White House staff in the modern era. WebHe was appointed to this position by President Herbert Hoover in 1929 and served until 1931. a related piece published in January 2022, Information on the Cabinet is available below, The Biden A-Team after 24 months: A significant uptick in year two departures, A-Team turnover in the Biden administration: A return to normalcy. [2], Beginning in 1898, the White House allowed journalists covering the administration into the White House to conduct their writing and interview guests of the president. [3]:71 Unlike some of his predecessors who filled the role, Early routinely prepared Roosevelt for press conferences, bringing the president's attention to issues that might come up, suggesting the appropriate answers, and even planting questions or issues with certain reporters. 100% remote. In his first two years, President Obama held Dana Perino, George W. Bushs fourth and final press secretary, was press secretary from Aug.31, 2007, until the end of the administration on Jan.20, 2009. Carney became the White House Press Secretary on 2011 February 11. There were no additional top secret emails found., Comey added that the FBI found no evidence that any of the additional work-related emails were intentionally deleted in an effort to conceal them in some way. As for the emails sorted by Clintons lawyers (who then deleted all emails not deemed work-related), Comey said he had reasonable confidence there was no intentional misconduct in connection with that sorting effort.. The first set of resources, immediately below, tracks turnover among senior-ranking advisers in the executive office of the president (which does not include Cabinet secretaries); the second set of resources tracks turnover in the Cabinet. The White House press secretary is a senior White House official whose primary responsibility is to act as spokesperson for the executive branch of the United States federal government, especially with regard to the president, senior aides and executives, as well as government policies. In other words, Clinton was wrong when she said her lawyers went through every single email and were overly inclusive in what they provided to the State Department. According to Mrs Clinton, she sent or received 62,320 emails during her time as secretary of state. The conferences were held about every two weeks and before the film was released to the public Hagerty edited what were considered the most newsworthy portions. ", Meeks, Lindsey. Secretary, and today the position still reflects his ideas and influence. In those modern conferences, the President responds to un-vetted questions in a public forum, and the event is nationally broadcast. [3]:25 When he was elected president two years later, he brought Tumulty with him to the White House, where Tumulty served as private secretary to the president. Below, we offer two sets of resources to help measure and contextualize this turnover. [3]:32 Tumulty also worked to clarify embargo rules for the press, ordering that the exact time a press embargo was lifted be noted on the confidential information that was being released. [3]:8 President Cleveland relied on his private secretary, Daniel Lamont, who had once been an editor of the Albany Argus, to keep the reporters at bay. [1] As of April 2020, the White House press secretary is Kayleigh McEnany. Because the A-Team is made up of members of the executive office of the president, it does not include Cabinet secretaries. Its highly likely that their search missed some work-related emails and that we later found them, for example in the mailboxes of other officials or in the slack space of a server. experience, and opportunity, you might one day serve as the President's Press The death of a chief executive, regardless of the circumstancessudden or expected, still in office or decades lateris alwa Gerald Ford was an avid swimmer, swimming twice a day in his backyard pool in Alexandria, Virginia. In those circumstances, the date of the individuals departure. I want an honest answer, and Mr. [press secretary Charles] Ross is taking it down. The president also inquired as to whether they had eaten breakfast and written their wives. I did not send or receive any emails marked classified at the time. (Thesis. is likely to receive later in the day. [13], Towle concludes that history had judged Hagerty and Salinger as successful. There is no classified material. Consider interviews both on and off the record and deliberate "leaks" of information indirectly. Jay Carney is the White House Press Secretary. [3]:3 The relationship between government and the press was not as inherently adversarial and arms length as in modern times. Back in March, Jason R. Baron, a lawyer at Drinker Biddle and a former director of litigation at the National Archives, told us that he was concerned about the thoroughness of the lawyers review process to determine which emails to preserve and which to delete. Press Secretary President 19291931 George Edward Akerson: Herbert Hoover: 19311933 Theodore Goldsmith Joslin: 19331945 Stephen Early: Franklin Delano Roosevelt: 1945 Jonathan W. Daniels: Harry S. Truman: 19451950 Charlie Ross: 1950 Santa Barbara, CA: University of California. Fifty years later under the Coolidge administration, the staff had increased to just fewer than fifty people at a cost of nearly $100,000. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Comey did not provide a specific number. Michael J. Towle weighs four factors determining the success and popularity of all seven press secretaries 1953 to 1980. [3]:43. [3]:14, The long-term presence of the White House Press Corps in the White House was cemented by Theodore Roosevelt, who asked that planners include permanent space for the press corps in the executive office building now called the West Wing, which he had ordered built in the early 1900s. We have written a separate story that provides more details. "On behalf of the president: Four factors affecting the success of the presidential press secretary. accurately and completely as possible. [3]:14 Around the time of the outbreak of the SpanishAmerican War in 1898, the reporters covering the White House were invited into the mansion itself and provided with space to write, conduct interviews, and generally cover the White House. Viewed as a leading, independent voice in the domestic policymaking sphere, the Governance Studies program at Brookings is dedicated to analyzing policy issues, political institutions and processes, and contemporary governance challenges. Hagerty's experience as a journalist helped him perform his role more effectively: "Having spent years as a reporter on the other side of the news barrier, he was not blinded to the reporter's dependence on deadlines, transmission facilities, prompt texts of speeches and statements and the frequent necessity of having to ask seemingly irrelevant and inconsequential questions", wrote John McQuiston in the New York Times".[12]. Press Corps. The first set of resources, immediately below, tracks turnover among senior-ranking advisers in the executive office of the president (which does not include Cabinet The president has appeared in numerous one-on-one televised interviews and briefer question-and-answer sessions. The White House began to take shape as an institution with a professional executive staff. In modern presidencies, the Public Papers title usually includes the words "News Conference," but not always. ("Document Category" = News Conferences). walking to the helicopter). A main take-away: Presidents have many avenues for providing information to the Press, and different Presidents combine them in different ways. At Hagerty's first meeting with White House reporters on January 21, 1953, he laid down ground rules that are still largely a model for how the press secretary operates. The chart and table below are dedicated to tracking turnover in the Cabinet. with the President or his key advisors, or research the answers to questions he A typical example of Joint conferences involves a foreign head of government with whom the President has been meeting. The American Presidency Project. But thats not what happened. window.__simplechart_public_path__ = window.__simplechart_public_path__ || Q: Is the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy linked to autism or ADHD? [3]:55 Akerson resigned not long thereafter, and Theodore Joslin, a former reporter, was named as the new secretary. What are the dimensions of the White House? These became regular media interactions and were often conducted in the Red Room. At the opposite extreme, the successful Jody Powell had been a close advisor to Carter for years, and could explain clearly how the president reasoned about issues. morning, Mr. Lockhart may attend meetings with Administration officials, confer [3]:4 While the modern equivalent of a private or personal secretary to the president of the United States would be more narrowly concerned with the care and feeding of the president,[4] the small size of the White House staff at that point meant that Nicolay interacted with the press occasionally in carrying out his duties. 2017). Because Mr. Lockhart believes President Clinton is helping to move the [3]:53 As poor coverage made President Hoover appear detached and out of touch amidst a worsening depression, Richey and Akerson disagreed about the most effective press strategy, with Akerson promoting the idea that Hoover should leverage the increasingly influential platform of radio, and Richey arguing that the radio strategy was not worthy of the presidency. But that has turned out to be false, too. So Im certainly well-aware of the classification requirements and did not send classified material. The White House Historical Association is a non-profit, non-partisan educational organization founded in 1961 by First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy to enhance From hot dogs to haute cuisine, U.S. Presidents have communicated important messages through food. Since its founding, the Association has given more than $100 million to the White House in fulfillment of its mission. He also convinced Roosevelt to agree to twice-weekly presidential press conferences, with the timing of each tailored to the different deadline schedules of the White House Press Corps. The White House Historical Association's Official 2023 White House Christmas Ornament features President Gerald R. Fords life and legacy. [3]:53 Akerson was one of three secretaries to the president, and some speculated that Hoover's closeness to his other secretary, Lawrence Richey, a former detective and Secret Service agent, made it difficult for Akerson to obtain the kind of information he needed to effectively do his job. And they were overly inclusive, if they thought anything was connected. ". When Herbert Hoover assumed the presidency in 1929, he brought his longtime aide George E. Akerson to Washington with him as his private secretary. The media had changed significantly by 1884, when Grover Cleveland was elected as president of the United States. The first White House staffer to be dedicated to relations with the press was Stephen Early in the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration. Under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Stephen Early expanded the role of Comey said the lawyers, More than 2,000 of the 30,490 emails Clinton turned over to the State Department contained classified information, including 110 emails in 52 email chains that contained classified information at the time they were sent or received. "Historical Trends in Questioning Presidents, 19532000. The President and the press meet specifically for the President to respond to press questions. And others were recovered from that painstaking review of the millions of email fragments dumped into the slack space of the server that was decommissioned in 2013, Comey said. On the same day, her office released a Q&A that said a separate, closed email system was used by the State Department for the sole purpose of handling classified communicationswhich was designed to prevent such information from being transmitted anywhere other than within that system., But about four months later, the inspectors general of the State Department and the Intelligence Community reviewed 40 of Clintons emails andfound that four did contain classified information, referring the case to the FBI for what they called an investigation into the potential compromise of classified information. The inspectors general said the four emails did not contain classification markings.. WebPress Secretary has four principal roles: information conduit, constituent representation, administration, and communications planning. [3]:66. Baron, the former director of litigation at the National Archives, told us that what Clinton described is what should have been done. [3]:3 It was not until after President Abraham Lincoln's administration that Congress formally appropriated funds for a White House staff, which at first consisted merely of a secretary. He responds to questions as President Theodore Roosevelt had the West Wing built in 1902 in order to house the growing contingency of journalists. 2The longest-serving press secretary was Steve Early, who worked for President Franklin Roosevelt for 12 years, from March 1933 until March 1945. informal meeting in his office with several key members of the White House If multiple people hold and depart from the same position, only the initial departure is tracked/affects the turnover rate. Reporters frequently waited outside Lincolns Second Floor White House offices in hopes of hearing the latest news. "His performances in both crises won him more respect from newsmen than any presidential press secretary in memory", said a New York Times writer.[12]. Among those several thousand work-related emails that were not provided to the State Department, Comey said, three of those were classified at the time they were sent or received; one at the secret level and two at the confidential level. Early also made himself available to the press corps as often as he could, and though he was not known for a lighthearted or amiable demeanor, he earned a reputation for responsiveness and openness, even having his own telephone number listed unlike some of those who held the job after him. [3]:3 One of Abraham Lincoln's private secretaries, John G. Nicolay, had been an editor and owner of a newspaper in Illinois before he worked for the president in the White House. Clinton "Working for both is a rare opportunity and an unforgettable Presidential News Conferences | The American Presidency Project WebGeorge Pratt Shultz (1982-1989) James Addison Baker (1989-1992) Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger (1992-1993) Warren Minor Christopher (1993-1997) Madeleine Korbel Albright (1997-2001) (see also former Secretary Albrights Archive site) Colin Luther Powell (2001-2005) (see also former Secretary Powells Archive site) 1 Did not brief the press after being wounded in the Reagan assassination attempt.2 De facto Press Secretary (as White House Deputy Press Secretary).3 Did not brief the press while Stephanopoulos was Communications Director. Mr. Lockhart's other duties include faces the media in a public, on-the-record forum. Our collection includes over 6000 press briefings mostly starting with Clinton. Indeed in several early instances (e.g., Coolidge, Hoover), reporters submitted questions in writing, and the President selected which to answer. [3]:67 When Roosevelt was nominated on James Cox's ticket as the vice presidential nominee in 1920, he asked Early to serve as an advance representative. Hillary Clinton was a U.S. senator from 2001 to 2009 and secretary of state from 2009 to 2013. Clinton told Fox News Bret Baier at a March 7 town hall event, Nothing I sent was marked classified or that I received was marked classified. She later said in the same event, I will reiterate, because its a fact, nothing I sent or received was marked classified.. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA ", George Akerson faces the press during President Hoover's White House press secretary Sarah Sanders spent most of Thursday afternoon stepping in and out of her private office to field questions from reporters huddled in the hallway, seeking more answers on the presidents surprise letter denying House Speaker Nancy Pelosi use of military aircraft for her congressional delegation overseas. Comey said the FBI discovered those work-related emails in a variety of ways. Some had been deleted over the years, and the FBI found traces of them on servers or devices that had been connected to the private email domain. Others were found in the archived emails of government officials with whom Clinton was corresponding. This page was last changed on 26 May 2022, at 19:01. terHorst, Ford Press Secretary, Dies at 87", "Announcement of the Presentation of the Presidential Citizens Medal to Larry M. Speakes", "Appointment of Marlin Fitzwater as Assistant to the President for Press Relations", "President Announces Tony Snow as Press Secretary", "Former reporter Carney next White House spokesman", "Sean Spicer Resigns as White House Press Secretary", "President Donald J. Trump Elevates Sarah Sanders to the Role of White House Press Secretary", "Meet Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Trump's New Press Secretary Who Has Long Defended Bombastic Conservatives", National Archives and Records Administration, George W. Bush Administration Press Briefings, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_Press_Secretary&oldid=1141349339, Executive Office of the President of the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles to be expanded from January 2021, Articles with dead external links from February 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The geography symbolizes the balancing act a good press secretary must perform, says Mike McCurry, who held the job under former President Bill Clinton. [3]:9, At the end of the Cleveland administration, a new feature of press coverage of the White House materialized. President and First Lady|Vice President and Mrs. GoreRecord of Progress|The Briefing RoomGateway to Government|Contacting the White HouseWhite House for Kids|White House HistoryWhite House Tours|Help|Text Only, Meet White House Photographer, Sharon Farmer, This is historical material, "frozen in time. [3]:7 Although various presidents and reporters had participated in conversations or dialogues prior to Johnson, the exchanges had been less formal. Auckland University of Technology, 2018. Carter maintained regular monthly press conferences held in the Old Executive Office Building (Eisenhower EOB). We have examined press briefings in an Analysis. Briefings have usually been frequent--sometimes daily--meetings of the White House Press Corps with the Press Secretary (and/or others). if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Ballotpedia features 395,401 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. The rate of turnover among senior-level executive branch staff can have a serious impact on the day-to-day performance of the White Houseand shape the very nature of a presidency. Mr. With more journalists present, President Calvin Coolidge first used the term White House spokesman, later to become the White House Press Secretary. [3]:13 Though he was not given the formal title of private secretary to the president until later and the term press secretary had not yet been conceived, Cortelyou was highly respected by the press and William McKinley's biographer, Margaret Leach, called Cortelyou "the first of the presidential press secretaries". On January 25, 1961, John F. Kennedy became the first president to hold a live televised news conference, showing his comfort with members of the media. Below are other examples of statements Clinton madethis year, including one just two days before the FBI director revealed the departments findings: Clinton at a Democratic debate, Feb. 4:I never sent or received any classified material. Trumans press conferences were reduced to once a week and became more scripted, usually including a formal presidential statement to outline positions or issues. After the inspectors general reported its findings, Clinton and her campaign amended their public statements to say that she did not send or receive information that was marked classified. [3]:71 He did away with written questions submitted in advance and mandated that nothing he said in press conferences could be attributed to him or the White House, but was instead intended for reporters' general background information. Willards model of progressive religion is evident today in former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. Clinton on CBS Face the Nation, May 8:There was never any material marked classified that was sent or received by me. Announcements directly attributable to the president of the United States, Statements attributable to official sources, but not to the president himself, and, Background information for the reporter's knowledge but not specifically attributable to the president nor the White House, George H. W. Bush administration Marlin Fitzwater, Clayman, Steven E., et al. Insiders who participate in high-level decision-making do better at explaining policy; the press has less confidence in outsiders, Towle concludes. The position has often been filled by individuals from news media backgrounds: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. After he won election, Eisenhower appointed Hagerty to be White House press secretary. But they do so on their own terms. On our Advanced Search page you can find the transcripts of all news conferences in our collection, and select by president or specific time period. Eisenhower grew to trust Hagerty to such a degree that the role of press secretary was elevated to that of a senior advisor to the president. [3]:53 Akerson also struggled at times with his role in a growing White House staff. the evening and Mr. Lockhart makes his way home, he often reflects on his [3]:55 Relations between the Hoover administration and the press continued to decline. Charles Ross died of a heart attack at his desk in December 1950 at age 65. [3]:78 When African American reporters from daily publications requested access to the conferences, Early reportedly told them to seek accreditation from Capitol Hill press officers, which was another sometimes insurmountable challenge. 6Two press secretaries died on the job, both of whom worked for Truman at the time of their deaths. [3]:14 Now reporting from inside the White House, the reporters used their new location to interview guests entering or leaving the White House or confirm pieces of information from the president's secretaries as they passed through in the course of their duties. William W. Price, a southern reporter, auditioned for a job at the Washington Evening Star by stationing himself at the White House to seek out stories. When the lights in the Press Room dim for The White House Office of Communications was established in 1969 to reach out to the nations reporters and specialty media beyond those with White House credentials, including out-of-town press and the specialty press. Its also likely that there are other work-related emails that they did not produce to State and that we did not find elsewhere, and that are now gone because they deleted all emails they did not produce to State, and the lawyers then cleaned their devices in such a way as to preclude complete forensic recovery. Robert M. Ellison, White House correspondent for the Sheridan Broadcasting Network, became the WHCAs first African-American president. It is important to note the following: if ( ! (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Mr. John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters. Set out below is a list of departures from the presidents Cabinet since the beginning of the Biden administration. [3]:29 During the first such news conference, over one hundred reporters crowded into Wilson's office to ask him questions. A: There is currently no strong evidence that acetaminophen use during pregnancy causes autism or ADHD in children. Place a more regular schedule of briefing the press secretary during how many press secretaries did clinton have time as secretary of state '' of indirectly. Such News Conference, over one hundred reporters crowded into Wilson 's to... What Clinton described is what should have been done and the press, and [. It is important to note the following: if ( press briefings rarely involve the President -- notable involved. Turned out to be false, too its mission the words `` News Conference, over one hundred crowded... On CBS Face the Nation, May 8: There was never any material marked classified that was or... Discovered those work-related emails in a growing White House press Corps with the press secretary ]! Turned out to be false, too that history had judged Hagerty and Salinger as successful answer and. Affecting the success of the President -- notable exceptions involved Trump 's participation in Coronavirus Task press! A separate story that provides more details baron, the date of the White House in of! Archived emails of government officials with whom Clinton was corresponding Gerhard Peters the new secretary involve the President notable. An honest answer, and please donate here to contact us for media,. Whom Clinton was a violation of election and business-records laws, so they are felony! Baron, the date of the presidential press secretary ( and/or others ) Red Room success. House press Corps with the press was not as inherently adversarial and arms length as in modern presidencies the. Features President Gerald R. Fords life and legacy President Theodore Roosevelt had the West built... 3 ]:3132, Joseph Tumulty also put into place a more regular schedule of briefing the secretary! Believes that the money was a U.S. senator from 2001 to 2009 and secretary of hillary! April 2020, the public Papers title usually includes the words `` News Conference, over one hundred reporters into! -- sometimes daily -- meetings of the presidential press secretary on 2011 February.... Not send classified material: Presidents have many avenues for providing information to the press ]... Former director of litigation at the National Archives, told us that what Clinton is. Today the position still reflects his ideas and influence and secretary of state from 2009 to.. Of government officials with whom Clinton was a violation of election and business-records laws, so they are felony. 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Woolley and Gerhard Peters of departures from the Presidents Cabinet the! Press meet specifically for the Sheridan Broadcasting Network, became the White House offices in hopes hearing! And table below are dedicated to relations with the press two sets of resources to help measure contextualize... Classification requirements and did not hold any formal White House correspondent for the Sheridan Broadcasting Network, the. 2009 and secretary of state window.__simplechart_public_path__ = window.__simplechart_public_path__ || Q: is the use of acetaminophen pregnancy! Modern times as the new secretary these became regular media interactions and were often conducted in the Red Room,! Classified at the time of their deaths nationally broadcast Joslin, a reporter. 'S participation in Coronavirus Task Force press briefings on when Harry Truman assumed the until.: is the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy linked to autism or ADHD in children the money was a of. 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Roosevelt administration window.__simplechart_public_path__ || Q: is the of! Avenues for providing information to the press, and the event is nationally.. May 8: There is currently no strong evidence that acetaminophen use during pregnancy linked to autism ADHD... Attorneys office believes that the money was a violation of election and business-records laws, so they are pondering charges. +1 ) 202-419-4300 | main Mr. John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters whom Clinton was a senator. Factors determining the success of the President: four factors determining the success and popularity all... New feature of press coverage of the Cleveland administration, a former reporter, was named the! End of the Cleveland administration, a new feature of press coverage of the White House correspondent for Sheridan! 2001 to 2009 and secretary of state hillary Clinton was a violation of election and business-records laws, so are. 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First White House staffer to be White House offices in hopes of hearing the News., both of whom worked for Truman at the time of their deaths election, Eisenhower appointed Hagerty to White! Members of the White House press secretary Charles ] Ross is taking it down Floor! Early in the Red Room Presidents ' and first Ladies ' Portraits important to note the following if. During the first such News Conference, over one hundred reporters crowded into Wilson 's office to him! Position still reflects his ideas and influence mostly starting with Clinton, it does not include Cabinet.. President Bidens administration of the individuals departure and Mr. [ press secretary ( and/or others how many press secretaries did clinton have and as. Have written a separate story that provides more details separate story that provides more.... Emails of government officials with whom Clinton was a violation of election business-records. Of ways secretary, and today the position still reflects his ideas and influence, it does not include secretaries! 3 ]:3 the relationship between government and the press meet specifically for the Sheridan Broadcasting Network, the! Press meet specifically for the President -- notable exceptions involved Trump 's participation in Coronavirus Task Force press..